Abstract: Ancient towns are historical deposits of natural, human, social, economic and other environments, and have unique internal characteristics of space. With the rapid development of socio-ecnomic, the spatial form of ancient towns is constantly changing. This paper uses space syntax theory and cognitive image theory to study the internal relationship between the spatial form and users' spatial cognition of Meicheng Ancient Town in Jiande, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, and uses heat map data for visual analysis. The results show that:(1) The internal space of Meicheng Ancient Town is highly intelligible, and some public spaces lack vitality. (2) The spatial integration degree and spatial cognition of Meicheng Ancient Town is basically consistent and positively correlated. (3) The cognitive degree of intentional element of Meicheng Ancient Town is relatively high. (4) There is a certain deviation between the spatial cognitive degree of the crowd and its activity space.